Where did this money come from?
Eritrean nakfa
A history told through its predecessors and the currencies that followed.
10 ancestors0 descendantsEstablished connections in this atlas
Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
DocumentedQualified
The incoming line
All 10 ancestors shown. Predecessors lead down to the selected currency. Later contributions join an existing currency; they do not establish its origin.
Predecessor1700–1794
Mughal rupee–dam accountingQualified · Intervening stages openLater contribution1818–1835
Madras pagoda–fanam accountingQualified · Later contributionLater contribution1793–1802
Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee accountDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1835–1838
Calcutta sicca rupeeDocumentedLater contribution1955
Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupeeDocumented · Later contributionMultiple connectionsINR
Indian rupee2 connections · Includes qualified linksLater contribution1922
German East African rupee–pesa accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1922
Kenya and Uganda florinDocumentedPredecessor1945
East African shillingDocumentedPredecessor1997
Ethiopian birrDocumentedThis currencyERN
Eritrean nakfaDates, conversion terms and evidence 11 connections
Indian rupee Kenya and Uganda florin
1920Documented1 Kenya and Uganda florin = 1 INRFlorins per former local rupee for covered contract references; not a universal cash withdrawal.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Kenya and Uganda florin East African shilling
1922Documented2 East African shilling = 1 Kenya and Uganda florinShillings per florin; covered obligations and surviving cash valued under principal order as amended.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Ethiopian birr Eritrean nakfa
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Ethiopian birr
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Calcutta sicca rupee Indian rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee Indian rupee
1955DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account Calcutta sicca rupee
1793–1802DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Mughal rupee–dam accounting Calcutta sicca rupee
Evidence period: 1700–1794QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Madras pagoda–fanam accounting Indian rupee
Evidence period: 1818–1835QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee German East African rupee–pesa accounting
Evidence period: 1890–1904QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German East African rupee–pesa accounting East African shilling
1922QualifiedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗No successor is established here. This does not imply extinction.