Where did this money come from?
Ethiopian birr
A history told through its predecessors and the currencies that followed.
7 ancestors1 descendantEstablished connections in this atlas
Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
DocumentedQualified
The incoming line
All 7 ancestors shown. Predecessors lead down to the selected currency. Later contributions join an existing currency; they do not establish its origin.
Predecessor1700–1794
Mughal rupee–dam accountingQualified · Intervening stages openLater contribution1818–1835
Madras pagoda–fanam accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1835–1838
Calcutta sicca rupeeDocumentedMultiple connectionsINR
Indian rupee2 connections · Includes qualified linksLater contribution1922
German East African rupee–pesa accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1922
Kenya and Uganda florinDocumentedPredecessor1945
East African shillingDocumentedThis currencyETB
Ethiopian birrDates, conversion terms and evidence 8 connections
Indian rupee Kenya and Uganda florin
1920Documented1 Kenya and Uganda florin = 1 INRFlorins per former local rupee for covered contract references; not a universal cash withdrawal.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Kenya and Uganda florin East African shilling
1922Documented2 East African shilling = 1 Kenya and Uganda florinShillings per florin; covered obligations and surviving cash valued under principal order as amended.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Ethiopian birr
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Calcutta sicca rupee Indian rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Mughal rupee–dam accounting Calcutta sicca rupee
Evidence period: 1700–1794QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Madras pagoda–fanam accounting Indian rupee
Evidence period: 1818–1835QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee German East African rupee–pesa accounting
Evidence period: 1890–1904QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German East African rupee–pesa accounting East African shilling
1922QualifiedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗What followed
1 direct successor or branch connected to this currency.
This currencyETB
Ethiopian birrSuccessor or branchERN
Eritrean nakfaKeep going forwardExplore all 1 descendant +
The complete outgoing line
Follow successors and branches straight forward. Other parents of a descendant are not added to this path.
This currencyETB
Ethiopian birrSuccessor or branch1997
Eritrean nakfaDocumented