Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions
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- Introduction and ending not established
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Persian toman–dinar accounting
This currencyChildren 1
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Persian toman–dinar accounting
Earlier ancestry is not established here.
The story
The currency law and 1932 rial notes replaced the official qerān–toman reckoning. Qerān-denominated obligations establish an account unit, not merely a coin type. [1]
The VOC embassy journal beginning in 1651 records the Persian toman as a unit for debts, taxes, fees and transfers, reckoning 100 mahmudis to a toman. Placement in the later Persian continuity is qualified; not every regional toman variant is treated as identical. [2]
From about 1776 existing Persian coins were revalued against the toman currency of account rather than simply reduced in size. Placement in the later Persian continuity is qualified; not every regional toman variant is treated as identical. [3]
Turning points
Mustawfi’s revenues for 1335 are reported in currency dinars, including 2,871,200…
Mustawfi’s revenues for 1335 are reported in currency dinars, including 2,871,200 for Fars and 325,000 for Khuzistan. The fiscal witness is explicit; association with the later Persian account lineage is qualified. [4]
Barker’s 1626 account describes reckoning in tomans and decimal amounts rather…
Barker’s 1626 account describes reckoning in tomans and decimal amounts rather than naming the coins used in payment. [5]
Olearius in 1637 explicitly identifies the toman as a unit of account
Olearius in 1637 explicitly identifies the toman as a unit of account. [6]
The qeran was introduced as a 1,000-dinar denomination reckoned within the toman…
The qeran was introduced as a 1,000-dinar denomination reckoned within the toman system; this does not by itself create a new currency identity. [7]
Changing monetary anchors
Mughal rupee–dam accounting · 1740 · qualified unit adoption event
1 Iranian silver toman = 20 silver rupees in the reform. Terms and evidence ↗
Sources and evidence
- Encyclopaedia Iranica · ESKENĀS
- Dick Nauta, translating and examining Cornelis Speelman / A. Hotz · Notes on the monetary situation in Persia as recorded by a Dutch trade mission to the court of Shah Abbas II, Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 211 (Spring 2012)
- Stephen Album, Michael L. Bates and Willem Floor · Coins and Coinage, Encyclopaedia Iranica VI/1, pp. 14–41 (1992)
- G. Le Strange, reporting Hamd-Allah Mustawfi · Description of Persia and Mesopotamia … from the Nuzhat-al-Qulub, JRAS 34/1 (1902); Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor and Patrick Clawson · The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars (2013)
- Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor and Patrick Clawson · The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars (2013)
- Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor and Patrick Clawson · The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars (2013)
- Stephen Album, Michael L. Bates and Willem Floor · Coins and Coinage, Encyclopaedia Iranica VI/1, pp. 14–41 (1992)
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“Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions.” The Family Tree of Money. © Field Technologies, Inc. Updated 2026-10-13; data version v44. https://familytreeofmoney.org/currency/FTM000031.html