Where did this money come from?
Euro
A history told through its predecessors and the currencies that followed.
32 ancestors0 descendantsEstablished connections in this atlas
Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
DocumentedQualified
Explore the euro’s 22 converging predecessors →
The incoming line
All 32 ancestors shown. Predecessors lead down to the selected currency. Later contributions join an existing currency; they do not establish its origin.
PredecessorAD 274–AD 375
Roman as–denarius–sestertius accountingQualified · Intervening stages openPredecessorAD 400–AD 700
Roman solidus–nomisma accountingQualified · Intervening stages openMultiple connections
Frankish denier–livre reckoning4 connections · Includes qualified linksPredecessor1927–1928
Pound sterlingDocumentedLater contribution1100–1500
Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1435–1436
Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accountingDocumentedLater contribution1826–1842
Genoese liraDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1864
Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accountingDocumentedPredecessor1795–1799
Livre tournoisDocumentedPredecessor1350–1386
Florentine gold-florin reckoningDocumented · Evidence periodMultiple connections
Rhenish gold-gulden reckoning3 connections · Includes qualified linksPredecessor1911
Portuguese realDocumentedPredecessor1860–1863
Russian rubleQualifiedPredecessor1667–1750
Saxon–Bohemian silver-thaler reckoningQualified · Intervening stages openMultiple connections
Dutch guilder3 connections · Includes later contributionsPredecessor1535
Austrian guldenQualified · Intervening stages openPredecessor1873
South German guldenDocumentedPredecessor1873
Brandenburg-Prussian thalerDocumentedPredecessor1999
French francDocumentedPredecessor1816–1826
Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unitDocumentedPredecessor1999
Italian liraDocumentedPredecessor1999
Belgian francDocumentedPredecessor1999
Luxembourg francDocumentedPredecessor1999
Finnish markkaDocumentedPredecessor1868–1870
Spanish escudo —1864 account unitDocumentedPredecessor1999
Spanish pesetaDocumentedMultiple connections
German mark2 connectionsPredecessor1999
Portuguese escudoDocumentedPredecessor1999
Irish poundDocumentedPredecessor1999
Austrian schillingDocumentedPredecessor1999
Deutsche MarkDocumentedPredecessor1999
European Currency UnitDocumentedThis currencyEUR
EuroDates, conversion terms and evidence 40 connections
Livre tournois French franc
1795–1799Documented1.0125 Livre tournois = 1 French francThe tariff equates 1.0125 livres tournois with 1 franc. Preferred reported date: 25 germinal IV / 14 April 1796 (S16). S17 says 24 germinal. Day remains withheld pending the original act.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian schilling Euro
1999Documented13.7603 Austrian schilling = 1 EURPublished ATS units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Belgian franc Euro
1999Documented40.3399 Belgian franc = 1 EURPublished BEF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Deutsche Mark Euro
1999Documented1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 EURPublished DEM units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Spanish peseta Euro
1999Documented166.386 Spanish peseta = 1 EURPublished ESP units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Finnish markka Euro
1999Documented5.94573 Finnish markka = 1 EURPublished FIM units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗French franc Euro
1999Documented6.55957 French franc = 1 EURPublished FRF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Irish pound Euro
1999Documented0.787564 Irish pound = 1 EURPublished IEP units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Italian lira Euro
1999Documented1936.27 Italian lira = 1 EURPublished ITL units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Luxembourg franc Euro
1999Documented40.3399 Luxembourg franc = 1 EURPublished LUF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Euro
1999Documented2.20371 Dutch guilder = 1 EURPublished NLG units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese escudo Euro
1999Documented200.482 Portuguese escudo = 1 EURPublished PTE units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Austrian schilling
1945Documented1 German mark = 1 Austrian schillingPostwar Austrian schillings replaced Reichsmarks at 1:1 under restricted exchange rules. One of two incoming monetary instruments; no exclusive single parent assigned.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Pound sterling Irish pound
1927–1928Documented1 GBP = 1 Irish poundThe Saorstat pound established a national currency at sterling parity under the 1927 Act, followed by the 1928 issue. National monetary separation with continuing sterling circulation; not a revival conversion from the pre-1826 Irish unit.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Brandenburg-Prussian thaler German mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗South German gulden German mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Deutsche Mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese real Portuguese escudo
1911Documented1 escudo = 1,000 réis
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Livre tournois
Evidence period: AD 794–1204QualifiedA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Russian ruble Finnish markka
1860–1863Qualified0.25 RUB = 1 Finnish markkaFinland introduced the markka as one quarter of a silver ruble in 1860, replacing rubles in accounts and transactions from 1863. A staged unit derivation within the Russian Empire, not instantaneous withdrawal of every Russian coin.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗European Currency Unit Euro
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Luxembourg franc
1849DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting Portuguese real
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Spanish escudo —1864 account unit Spanish peseta
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit Italian lira
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Genoese lira Italian lira
1826–1842DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting Spanish escudo —1864 account unit
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Roman solidus–nomisma accounting Frankish denier–livre reckoning
Evidence period: AD 400–AD 700QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting
Evidence period: AD 800–1145QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting
Evidence period: 1100–1500QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting Roman solidus–nomisma accounting
Evidence period: AD 274–AD 375QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Pound sterling
Evidence period: AD 600–1087QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Belgian franc
1832–1833Documented0.4725 Dutch guilder = 1 Belgian franc1 Belgian franc = 47¼ Netherlands cents; conversion of earlier florin obligations under article 25, not a universal coin tariff.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Genoese lira
Evidence period: 1138–1141QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Florentine gold-florin reckoning Rhenish gold-gulden reckoning
Evidence period: 1350–1386DocumentedA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Rhenish gold-gulden reckoning Saxon–Bohemian silver-thaler reckoning
Evidence period: 1500–1566QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Saxon–Bohemian silver-thaler reckoning Brandenburg-Prussian thaler
Evidence period: 1667–1750QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Rhenish gold-gulden reckoning Austrian gulden
Evidence period: 1486–1535QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian gulden South German gulden
Evidence period: 1535QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Rhenish gold-gulden reckoning Dutch guilder
Evidence period: 1408–1526QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗No successor is established here. This does not imply extinction.