Evidence coverage: 1535–1892. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Austria used a 60-kreuzer accounting gulden before the southern German monetary arrangements of 1535. Later convention coinage represented this older account rather than creating the gulden anew.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
Convention florins denominate government-bond interest in the1 June1816 arrangements.
Sources and qualifications →Austrian-standard florins supersede convention-standard scale at105:100;preserve as standard/scale epoch in this unit profile.
Sources and qualifications →Austria used a 60-kreuzer accounting gulden before the southern German monetary arrangements of 1535. Later convention coinage represented this older account rather than creating the gulden anew.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Convention florins denominate government-bond interest in the1 June1816 arrangements.
C1786Austrian-standard florins supersede convention-standard scale at105:100;preserve as standard/scale epoch in this unit profile.
C1787Austria used a 60-kreuzer accounting gulden before the southern German monetary arrangements of 1535. Later convention coinage represented this older account rather than creating the gulden anew.
C2117Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
The krone replaced the gulden at two kronen per gulden. Gulden notes continued through the transition to 1900.
Printed p. 413: two kronen per gulden; gulden notes remained legal until 1900
Indexed full paragraph inspected; PDF body fetch failed.
Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Printed p. 413: two kronen per gulden; gulden notes remained legal until 1900
Convention florins denominate government-bond interest in the1 June1816 arrangements.
pp58–59
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Austrian-standard florins supersede convention-standard scale at105:100;preserve as standard/scale epoch in this unit profile.
pp81–82
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Austria used a 60-kreuzer accounting gulden before the southern German monetary arrangements of 1535. Later convention coinage represented this older account rather than creating the gulden anew.
Printed pp. 70–80, especially p. 80 on Austrian reckoning and 1535; Printed pp. XV and XXI–XXII; PDF pages 23 and 29–30
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Printed pp. 70–80, especially p. 80 on Austrian reckoning and 1535; Printed pp. XV and XXI–XXII; PDF pages 23 and 29–30
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The Austrian accounting gulden developed from gold-gulden reckoning and was fixed at 60 kreuzer before the 1535 southern arrangements. The precise local separation date is not established.
Printed pp. 70–80, especially p. 80 on Austrian reckoning and 1535
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Austrian 60-kreuzer reckoning spread into southern Germany in 1535. The connection to the later southern account is qualified for intervening regional development, not an assertion that all gulden remained equal.
Printed pp. 70–80, especially p. 80 on Austrian reckoning and 1535; Sections on 1535, the 60-kreuzer account, and 1753–1754 convention valuations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Printed pp. 70–80, especially p. 80 on Austrian reckoning and 1535; Sections on 1535, the 60-kreuzer account, and 1753–1754 convention valuations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1535 southern German arrangements established 60-kreuzer gulden reckoning that continued in Bavaria into the nineteenth century. Later regional coin valuations were not always identical.
Sections on 1535, the 60-kreuzer account, and 1753–1754 convention valuations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.