Evidence coverage: AD 903–1296. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
The 903 Telang II record projects ferry revenue of nine masa. Its valuation can be distinguished from settlement in goods or silver; masa, kupang and suwarna remain denominations in one scoped profile.
Sources and qualifications →Legal monetary expressions were updated as cash displaced older measures. The inspected evidence does not yet establish the carry-over of balances, a precise conversion, or one continuous Java–Bali account. Keep ancestry unresolved.
Sources and qualifications →Shared Javanese monetary vocabulary does not establish a Java-to-Laguna inheritance or a continuous route into the Philippine peso. Do not equate this single record with a currency of the whole archipelago.
Sources and qualifications →Javanese inscriptions dated 1294 and 1296 still use the older ma, su and ku reckoning. Their dates mark observations of the established system, not its ending.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
The 903 Telang II record projects ferry revenue of nine masa. Its valuation can be distinguished from settlement in goods or silver; masa, kupang and suwarna remain denominations in one scoped profile.
C2057Javanese inscriptions dated 1294 and 1296 still use the older ma, su and ku reckoning. Their dates mark observations of the established system, not its ending.
C2137Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
The 903 Telang II record projects ferry revenue of nine masa. Its valuation can be distinguished from settlement in goods or silver; masa, kupang and suwarna remain denominations in one scoped profile.
pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Legal monetary expressions were updated as cash displaced older measures. The inspected evidence does not yet establish the carry-over of balances, a precise conversion, or one continuous Java–Bali account. Keep ancestry unresolved.
pp.250–251 nn.21–23:1384 Batur fine; later legal manuscript copying; DOI10.1163/22134379-90003636; pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
pp.250–251 nn.21–23:1384 Batur fine; later legal manuscript copying; DOI10.1163/22134379-90003636; pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Shared Javanese monetary vocabulary does not establish a Java-to-Laguna inheritance or a continuous route into the Philippine peso. Do not equate this single record with a currency of the whole archipelago.
pp.186–187 translation line5 and nn.5–6; provenance discussion from p.185
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Article transcription inspected.
Javanese inscriptions dated 1294 and 1296 still use the older ma, su and ku reckoning. Their dates mark observations of the established system, not its ending.
pp. 59–62, especially p. 60 n. 67; 1294/1296 inscriptions, legal translations, 1358 ferry tax and 1387 debt
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Old Javanese legal adaptations express fines or payments first in indigenous ma–su–ku terms and also in cash amounts. Wicks connects this re-expression of values with the move to picis reckoning around 1300. The account succession is qualified: the legal glosses are not precisely dated, and 1296–1358 bounds the dated evidence rather than an exact conversion decree.
pp. 59–62, especially p. 60 n. 67; 1294/1296 inscriptions, legal translations, 1358 ferry tax and 1387 debt
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.