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Balinese masaka accounting: research record

Evidence coverage: AD 882–AD 923. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.

This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.

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Currency continuity

Balinese masaka accounting

CUR-V37-BALI-MASAKA · Research draft
One scoped currency identity. Changes to subdivisions, scale, standard, instruments or issuers do not by themselves create children. A distinct account unit can remain a successor.
Dated observations: AD 882–AD 923; this does not establish the entire lifetime.

Parents / predecessors

No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.

Children / successors

No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.

Unit and issue records 2 records

Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.

Balinese masaka accounting · C2058
Masaka as abstract valuation · C2059

Latest research

Balinese masaka accounting

The 882 Sukawana AI inheritance rule reserves estate goods valued at four masaka for funeral costs. Heterogeneous goods are valued in a common account, not merely weighed as gold.

Sources and qualifications →
Masaka as abstract valuation

The 923 Sembiran AI inheritance provision further supports ma as a measure of value distinct from a literal gold quantity.

Sources and qualifications →
Documented legal change; account transition unresolved

Legal monetary expressions were updated as cash displaced older measures. The inspected evidence does not yet establish the carry-over of balances, a precise conversion, or one continuous Java–Bali account. Keep ancestry unresolved.

Sources and qualifications →

Account-unit observations

Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.

882supported

The 882 Sukawana AI inheritance rule reserves estate goods valued at four masaka for funeral costs. Heterogeneous goods are valued in a common account, not merely weighed as gold.

C2058
923supported

The 923 Sembiran AI inheritance provision further supports ma as a measure of value distinct from a literal gold quantity.

C2059
Evidence & research notes 3 claims

Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.

Supported C2058

The 882 Sukawana AI inheritance rule reserves estate goods valued at four masaka for funeral costs. Heterogeneous goods are valued in a common account, not merely weighed as gold.

Robert S. Wicks · Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia (1992) Citation S1078

pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C2059

The 923 Sembiran AI inheritance provision further supports ma as a measure of value distinct from a literal gold quantity.

Robert S. Wicks · Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia (1992) Citation S1078

pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Qualified C2061

Legal monetary expressions were updated as cash displaced older measures. The inspected evidence does not yet establish the carry-over of balances, a precise conversion, or one continuous Java–Bali account. Keep ancestry unresolved.

Helen Creese · Old Javanese legal traditions in pre-colonial Bali, BKI165 (2009),241–290 Citation S1079 · Open source ↗

pp.250–251 nn.21–23:1384 Batur fine; later legal manuscript copying; DOI10.1163/22134379-90003636; pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Robert S. Wicks · Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia (1992) Citation S1078

pp.250–251 nn.21–23:1384 Batur fine; later legal manuscript copying; DOI10.1163/22134379-90003636; pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

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